Which scenario describes a person who struggles to breathe and cannot call for help?

The scenario that describes a person who struggles to breathe and cannot call for help is an active drowning victim. An active drowning victim is in a state of distress and unable to call for assistance due to the struggle for breath and the physical demands of trying to stay above water. Their body is instinctively working against them, leading to increased panic which can prevent them from signaling for help effectively.

This is in contrast to a non-responsive swimmer, who may already be in a critical state of drowning but does not actively display signs of struggle. A swimmer experiencing cramping may also be in distress, but they might still have enough awareness and energy to signal for assistance or call for help, especially if it's a temporary condition. Swimmers practicing strokes are typically in control and capable of breathing and signaling, making it unlikely that they would be in a situation where they cannot call for help.